卷丹新种质JD-h-15的形态特征与遗传变异分析

Analysis of Morphological Characteristics and Genetic Variation in a New Germplasm Lilium lancifolium JD-h-15

为培育优质的卷丹新种质,以秋水仙素诱变材料JD-h-15于田间种植3年分析鉴定染色体倍性。对JD-h-15和卷丹植株形态、柱头与花粉育性、叶表皮与淀粉粒特征以及鳞茎有效成分等进行比较,结合ISSR标记分析JD-h-15的遗传变异。结果表明,诱变株系JD-h-15已由非整倍的嵌合体恢复为3倍体植株。JD-h-15的株高、叶间距和叶面积与卷丹相比明显增加,茎粗和单株叶片数减少,单株花期提前约14 d。JD-h-15鳞茎独头率为93.75%,显著高于卷丹独头率70.00%。不同时期柱头可授性试验表明,JD-h-15在花苞生长至50-60 mm时表现出高于对照的活性。JD-h-15的花粉有13.71%可正常萌发,而卷丹花粉不萌发,与JD-h-15自交授粉后子房膨大相符。微形态分析表明,JD-h-15的花粉粒大于卷丹对照,气孔大小和密度与对照无差异,而珠芽和鳞茎淀粉粒小于对照。JD-h-15鳞茎中可溶性糖、总黄酮和总皂苷含量比对照分别增加42.37%、67.54%和45.65%,而抗坏血酸、总酚和总生物碱分别减少22.86%、33.02%和50.41%。ISSR标记分析发现3年生JD-h-15和卷丹植株遗传稳定,JD-h-15相比卷丹发生遗传变异,变异率为21.30%。研究结果为卷丹遗传性状改良和秋水仙素诱变百合新种质提供重要参考。

In order to cultivate a high-quality new germplasm of Lilium lancifolium,JD-h-15 induced by colchicine was used to analyze the chromosome ploidy after 3 years’ planting in the field.The plant morphology,stigma and pollen fertility,leaf epidermis and starch grain characteristics,and active components of bulb were compared in JD-h-15 and L.lancifolium control.Further their difference on molecular levels was analyzed by ISSR marker technology.The results showed that JD-h-15 has restored to be a triploid plant from an aneuploid chimera before.The plant height,leaf interval and leaf area of JD-h-15 significantly increased compared with that in the control,as well as the stem diameter and leaf number per plant decreased,in addition the flowering period per plant was advanced in JD-h-15 by 14 d.The single head rate of bulb in JD-h-15 was 93.75%,significantly higher than 70.00% of that in the control.Analysis of stigma acceptability in different flower periods revealed the stigma in 50-60 mm flower bud of JD-h-15 had a higher acceptability than that in the control.13.71% of the pollen for JD-h-15 germinated normally,while the control pollen did not germinate,which was consistent with the expansion of ovary in JD-h-15 after self-pollination.Micromorphological analysis showed that the pollen grains of JD-h-15 were larger than those of the control,while the starch grains in bulbils and bulbs were much smaller than those of the control.In JD-h-15 bulbs,the contents of soluble sugar,total flavonoids and total saponins increased by 42.37%,67.54% and 45.65% respectively,while ascorbic acid,total phenolic acids and total alkaloids decreased by 22.86%,33.02% and 50.41% compared with that in the control.The 3 years’ old JD-h-15 and the control plants were genetically stable after ISSR marker analysis.Compared with the control,JD-h-15 plants experienced the genetic variation and the variation rate of JD-h-15 was 21.30%.These data provided a reference for the improvement of L.lancifolium genetic characters and the cultivation of new germplasm used by colchicine in lilies.