质谱成像新基质及其在分析生物样本方面的研究进展

Novel Matrixes for Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Research Progress of It in Analyzing Biological Samples

作为一门新兴的分子成像技术,质谱成像(mass spectrometry imaging,MSI)不仅能保留生物组织的空间结构信息,还能够在原位无标记地检测组织中的生物分子,包括蛋白质、多肽、氨基酸、脂类、药物及其代谢产物等物质的表达水平,实现对生物样本的原位检测。随着电离技术、基质材料、分析仪器和软件的不断开发与优化,MSI技术在近年来被越来越多地应用到生物学、医学、药物研究等诸多领域。本综述总结了近几年基质辅助激光解吸电离(matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization,MALDI)质谱成像技术在应用到生物样本时开发出的各类新型基质,并对以往涌现的新型MSI技术的最新应用和进展,以及出现的数据处理新方法进行了综述。最后,展望了MSI技术的发展方向——单细胞水平化、绝对定量化、仪器便携化。

As a new molecular imaging technology,mass spectrometry imaging(MSI)can not only retain the spatial structure information of biological tissues,but also detect the expressions of biomolecules in tissues without labeling in situ,including proteins,peptides,amino acids,lipids,drugs and their metabolites,thus in situ detection of biological samples can be achieved. With the continuous development and optimization of ionization technology,matrix materials,analytical instruments and software,MSI technology has been increasingly applied to biological research,medical research,drug research and many other fields in recent years. In this review,a variety of novel matrixes developed by matrix-assisted laser desorption(MALDI)imaging technology for biological samples are summarized. The latest application and progress of new MSI technology and new data processing methods are summarized. Finally,the development direction of MSI technology,single cell horizontal,absolute quantification,and portable instrument,is prospected.