桥隧群环境对驾驶人驾驶行为及生理反应的影响

Effects of bridge-tunnel groups environment on driving performance and physiological responses of drivers

为研究桥隧群环境对驾驶人驾驶行为和生理参数的影响,设计实车实验采集典型桥隧群路段和普通高速段驾驶人驾驶行为和生理参数的改变量。采用符号秩检验方法,检验不同路段下驾驶人横向控制行为、纵向控制行为、心率及注视持续时间、制动反应时间等相关参数的差异显著性,以求揭示桥隧群驾驶行为改变的内在机理。研究结果表明,桥隧群环境下驾驶人在纵向控制水平上驾驶能力显著下降,在应对高负荷驾驶压力下的产生补偿行为现象。驶入桥隧群交通环境后,驾驶人进入了高层次的压力阶段,视觉和心理负荷明显增大。补偿行为虽然在一定程度上改善了驾驶安全,但在过高心理负荷的情况下,补偿行为的削弱会对驾驶安全造成更大的危害。

In order to study the impact of the environment of bridges-tunnel group on the driving behavior and physiological parameters of drivers,a genuine vehicle test was designed to collect the changes in driving behavior and physiological parameters of drivers in typical bridge-tunnel group and ordinary high-speed sections.Wilcoxon signed-rank is used to test the significance of differences in related parameters,such as horizontal control behavior,vertical control behavior,heart rate and gaze duration of drivers,braking reaction time on different road sections,in order to reveal the nature of changes in driving behavior of bridge-tunnel group.The results show that the driving ability of drivers in the longitudinal control level is significantly reduced under the environment of bridge and tunnel groups,and the phenomenon of compensation behavior occurs under the pressure of high load driving.After entering the traffic environment of bridge and tunnel groups,drivers enter a high level of stress stage,and their visual and psychological loads increase significantly.Although the compensation behavior improves driving safety to a certain extent,under the condition of excessive psychological load,the weakening of compensation behavior will cause greater harm to driving safety.