“社仓归总”——乾隆朝湖南社总仓的建置与制度设计

"Community Granary Consolidation":The Construction and Institutional Design of the Community Granaries in Hunan,during the Qianlong Reign

社总仓,是清代部分直省实行的,将存于私家之社谷归并,并于县内适中之处新建仓廒的政治活动。受益于乾隆初年的经营,湖南省社总仓的推行最为广泛、彻底。社总仓将散贮社谷集聚并予以统计,实现社谷资源的初步整合与再分配,为湖南一省社仓在乾隆朝的有效运作提供了资源基础。社总仓的制度设计,为研究清代官方对社仓的定位、认知,提供了新的视角。

Community Granary Consolidation was implemented in some provinces in the Qing Dynasty.Consolidation was a political activity of merging the community grain stores which were stored in private facilities and building new warehouses at the suitable locations in the county.Benefiting from the management in the early years of Qianlong,the implementation of the consolidation of community granaries in Hunan Province was the most extensive and thorough.The granary consolidation gathered and counted the dispersed stores of grain,accomplished the initial integration and redistribution of the resources of the community grain,and provided a resource base for the effective operation of the community granaries in Hunan Province during the Qianlong reign.The institutional design around the granary consolidation provides a new perspective on the positioning and conception of the community granary by the Qing officials.