中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网在自身免疫性疾病中的作用及机制研究进展

Research advances on the role and mechanism of neutrophil extracellular trap in autoimmune diseases

中性粒细胞属于固有免疫吞噬细胞,在免疫防御中发挥核心作用,目前大量研究显示,中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(neutrophil extracellular trap, NET)在自身免疫性疾病的发生发展过程中发挥重要作用。除通过诱捕并杀灭病原体发挥作用外,NET还可能对机体产生直接或间接的损害。在系统性红斑狼疮、类风湿关节炎等自身免疫性疾病的发病过程中,随着NET的形成,体内大量的自身抗原暴露,而过多的自身抗原出现或清除障碍导致多种自身抗体的产生,加快自身免疫性疾病的进展。该综述主要对NET在自身免疫性疾病中的作用及机制进行探讨,进而为自身免疫性疾病的基础与靶向治疗提供一定思路。

Neutrophil is considered as a type of innate immune phagocyte and plays a central role in immune defense. Recent studies showed that neutrophil extracellular trap(NET) is a key element in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In addition to attracting and killing pathogens, NET may also cause direct or indirect organ damage. The correlation between NETs and autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, has already been proven. With the formation of NET, a large amount of autoantigens are exposed and when the autoantigens cannot be removed in a timely fashion, they will lead to the production of autoantibodies, which in turn cause the aggravation of autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes the function and mechanism of NETs in autoimmune diseases and thus provides constructive insights for understanding the pathogenesis and developing targeted therapy for related diseases.