社会支持对老年精神分裂症患者焦虑的影响:孤独感的中介作用

Influence of social support on anxiety in elderly patients with schizophrenia:The mediating effect of loneliness

目的:了解老年精神分裂症患者焦虑、社会支持与孤独感的现状,探讨孤独感对老年精神分裂症患者社会支持和焦虑的中介作用。方法:选取120名老年精神分裂症患者作为研究对象,采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表、UCLA孤独量感表、社会支持评定量表对其进行调查。结果:老年精神分裂症患者普遍存在焦虑症状,其焦虑症状与焦虑症患者常模相比差异具有统计学意义(t=-26.690,P<0.001),其社会支持与常模相比差异有统计学意义(t=-15.676,P<0.001),其孤独感与常模相比差异有统计学意义(t=-28.204,P<0.001)。老年精神分裂症患者的焦虑与社会支持(r=-0.592,P<0.01),孤独感与社会支持(r=-0.812,P<0.01)均存在负相关,焦虑与孤独感存在正相关(r=0.663,P<0.01)。老年精神分裂症患者的孤独感在社会支持和焦虑之间起完全中介作用。结论:孤独感在老年精神分裂症患者社会支持与焦虑之间发挥着中介作用,老年精神分裂症患者的社会支持不仅可以预测焦虑症状,也可以通过孤独感的产生的中介效应间接预测焦虑症状。

Objective:To explore the current situation of anxiety,social support and loneliness,and to explore the mediating effect of loneliness on social support and anxiety in elderly patients with schizophrenia.Method:120 elderly patients with schizophrenia were enrolled in this study.Hamilton Anxiety Scale,UCLA Loneliness Scale and social support rating scale were administrered to them.Results:Anxiety was common in elderly patients with schizophrenia,and their anxiety symptoms were statistically different from the norm of anxiety patients(t=-26.690,P<0.001),the social support was statistically different from the norm(t=-15.676,P<0.001),there was also a statistically significant difference in loneliness compared with the norm(t=-28.204,P<0.001).There was a negative correlation between anxiety and social support(r=-0.592,P<0.01),loneliness and social support(r=-0.812,P<0.01),and there was a positive correlation between anxiety and loneliness(r=0.663,P<0.01).The loneliness of elderly patients with schizophrenia played a completely mediating role between social support and anxiety.Conclusion:Loneliness plays a mediating role between social support and anxiety in elderly patients with schizophrenia.Social support in elderly patients with schizophrenia can not only predict anxiety symptoms,but also indirectly predict anxiety symptoms through the mediating effect of loneliness.