杜威的劳动观及其对职业教育的启示

Dewey’s Perspective of Labor and Its Enlightenment to Vocational Education

作为实用主义的集大成者,杜威对劳动内涵的理解十分深刻,不仅认可劳动的光荣性,而且主张劳动体现“理智”价值,并将“闲暇”作为劳动的有价值回报,是教育的社会目的之一。杜威对劳动教育的分析独到,认为其应为理论学习提供实际价值,并使学生理解自身所处的环境条件及其制度。杜威从劳动的角度,对教育变革作出思考,探索“普职融合”的有效途径。杜威的劳动观对职业教育有多重启示:技能型社会建设应重视“闲暇”的特殊意义;以劳动教育促进职业启蒙应力求综合化;普通高校和职业院校应将拓宽专业学习范围,深化其精神作为“普职融合”的有效途径。

As a master of pragmatism,Dewey’s understanding of the labor connotation is very profound.He thinks that labor is glorious,shows rational value,has leisure as a valuable reward,and is one of the social purposes of education.In addition,according to Dewey’s analysis,he puts forward that labor should provide practical value for theoretical learning and enable students to understand their environmental conditions and systems.What’s more,Dewey thinks about educational reform from the perspective of labor and points out an effective way for general education and vocational education integration.All in all,Dewey’s labor perspective has multiple enlightenment to vocational education.First,the construction of a skill-oriented society should pay attention to the special meaning of leisure.Second,promoting vocational enlightenment through labor education should insist on the principle of integration.Third,the integration of general education and vocational education is better to broaden specialized learning scope and deepen Dewey’s spirit to effectively promote the integration.