欧盟“职教工具包”提升“尼特族”青年就业的政策设计及实践

Policy Design and Practice to Stimulate NEET Youth Employment through EU Vocational Education and Training Toolkit

在欧洲,青年失业人员(“尼特族”)数量增加对经济社会发展造成了巨大威胁。为促进欧洲青年劳动力重归就业,融入社会,欧盟推出“职教工具包”,旨在协助政策制定者、职业教育资源提供者等高质量制定和实施职业教育政策或方案,以更好地满足欧洲青年的发展需求,回应欧盟各国的核心关切,提升青年人的社会融入能力。该工具包通过建立分类识别机制、构建多元灵活的干预措施及制订系统可行的评估计划等,是欧盟青年社会融入政策的核心。“职教工具包”的内容及青年的赋能机制体现了“包容”与“个性化”等理念,发挥了“研究—政策—实践”三者的合力,突出了“协调—合作—沟通”的行动逻辑,凸显了过程评估和成本效益评估的价值取向,可为我国职业教育促进青年就业和社会融入政策的制定和实践提供启发和思考。

In Europe,the increase of Neets(not in employment,education or training) seriously threats the economic and social development.To promote their employment and integration into society,the EU launches the vocational education and training toolkit(VETT).VETT aims to assist policymakers and vocational education resource providers to formulate and implement vocational education policies or programs.It meets the development needs of European youth,responds to the core concerns of EU countries,and improves their abilities to integrate into society.In specific,the toolkit establishes a classification and identification mechanism,builds diversified and flexible interventions,and formulates a systematic and feasible evaluation plan.Its development demonstrates the concepts of inclusion and personalization,shows joint efforts of research-policymaking-practice,and highlights the action logic of coordination-cooperation-communication,and underlines the value orientation of process evaluation and cost-benefit evaluation.To sum up,VETT provides inspires for our country to promote youth employment and integration into society.