纤维基人工神经导管的研究进展

Research progress in fiber-based artificial nerve guide conduits

为开发具有优良生物相容性、多重功能性和良好修复能力的纤维基人工神经导管支架,从原料组成、制备方法、结构设计、功能改性和细胞培养等方面对人工神经导管的研究进展进行综述,并对其未来研究方向进行分析。天然或合成聚合物及其混合材料,可通过熔融纺丝、静电纺丝、自组装等方法制备成直径不同的纤维基人工神经导管,普遍认为在中空管道中添加海绵、水凝胶或取向微孔可更好地引导细胞定向生长,并为细胞生长提供适宜的微环境;经过导电、磁性等改性或加入生长因子、信使核糖核酸(mRNA)等活性物质,可使神经导管支架更好地促进细胞增殖与分化;最后指出纤维基人工神经导管的潜在改进方向,以期进一步提高其神经修复效果。

For the purpose of developing artificial nerve guide conduit(NGC)with good biocompatibility,multi-function and excellent nerve regeneration capacity,raw materials component,fabrication method,structure designing,functionalizing and cell incubation of the scaffolds as well as the analysis of future research directions were reviewed.Literature showed that fiber-based NGC with different diameters were prepared using natural,synthesized polymers,or mixed materials,by various methods such as melt spinning,electrospinning and self-assembling.In general,hollow tubular scaffolds were filled with sponge,hydrogel or axial channel to improve the orientated growth of cells to provide appropriate micro environment for cell growth.Through modifying with electro-conductive or magnetic materials,loading active substances such as growth factors or messenger RNA(mRNA),would accelerate cell proliferation and differentiation.Subsequently,the potential development directions of NGC are proposed to further improve the efficiency of nerve regeneration.