河南黄河湿地国家级自然保护区人类干扰对生境质量的影响及空间优化策略

Impact of Human Disturbance on Habitat Quality and Spatial Optimization Strategy in He’nan Yellow River Wetland National Nature Reserve

[目的]探究自然保护区内人类活动强度对生境质量的影响,为提升自然保护区生境质量和空间优化提供依据。[方法]基于2021年土地利用数据和其他空间数据,利用InVEST模型、人类影响指数模型和双变量空间自相关模型等方法,分析河南黄河湿地国家级自然保护区(以下简称黄河保护区)内出现的主要用地冲突问题,生境质量与人类活动影响的空间分布特征及其空间上的相关性。[结果]①研究区主要用地冲突类型为农村建设用地、农田和鱼塘,共占总面积的28.85%。②人类影响指数中等以上面积占总面积的37.97%,人类影响指数呈现“东西两侧高,中间区域低”的空间分布特征。③生境质量指数均值0.65,中级生境质量以下面积比例达52.46%,总体呈中级以下水平。④人类影响指数与生境质量之间呈现空间负相关(Moran’s I为-0.519)。[结论]今后整合优化过程中黄河保护区需清退农田与鱼塘,将东部平原区河道湿地作为保护重点,优化保护范围,结合人类活动特点制定管控和优化策略,提升生境质量。

[Objective]The impact of human activity intensity on habitat quality in nature reserves was analyzed in order to provide a basis for improving habitat quality and spatial optimization in nature reserves.[Methods]Based on 2021 land use data and other spatial data,the main land use conflict problems occurring in the He’nan Yellow River wetland national nature reserve,the spatial distribution characteristics of habitat quality,and human activity impacts and their spatial correlations were analyzed using the InVEST model,the human impact index model,and the bivariate spatial autocorrelation model.[Results]①The main land conflict types in the study areas were rural construction land,farmland,and fish ponds,accounting for 28.85%of the total area.②The human influence index was above the intermediate level,accounting for 37.97%of the total area;the human influence index was high in the east and west,and low in the middle area.③The mean value of the habitat quality index was 0.65,and the area below the medium habitat quality level accounted for 52.46%of the total area,which was generally below the medium level.④There was a negative spatial correlation between the human impact index and habitat quality(the Moran’s I was-0.519).[Conclusion]With future integration and optimization,the Yellow River wetland national nature reserve will need to remove farmland and fish ponds,focus protection efforts on river wetlands in the eastern plains,optimize the zone of protection,and develop corresponding control and optimization strategies based on the characteristics of human activities to improve habitat quality.