里氏木霉中纤维素酶的合成诱导及调控

Induction and Regulation of Cellulase Synthesis in Trichoderma reesei

随着绿色化学的兴起,天然纤维素原料转化和利用的研究受到了高度重视和广泛应用。利用纤维素酶降解纤维素为燃料乙醇、生物柴油的生产铺设了道路。但纤维素酶的生产成本较高,限制了纤维素酶产业化应用。里氏木霉生产的纤维素酶组分丰富,是纤维素酶高产菌株,深入研究里氏木霉的纤维素酶诱导及表达调控机制,有助于提高其纤维素酶产率。近年来人们对里氏木霉的纤维素酶诱导过程和调控机制有了一定研究进展,综述了里氏木霉纤维素酶诱导和基因表达调控,首先介绍了纤维素、纤维二糖、槐糖、乳糖等几种诱导物及诱导物的转运蛋白,进一步综述了几种转录因子的调控作用,同时介绍了染色体调控、信号通路和光条件对纤维素酶诱导的影响。最后展望了未来里氏木霉纤维素酶诱导表达的研究方向,包括探明诱导物的本质及其具体过程、揭示转录因子之间的联系及转录调控网络、寻找信号转导关键功能蛋白及研究环境因素对纤维素酶的诱导作用等。

With the rise of green chemistry,research on the transformation and utilization of natural cellulose raw materials has been highly valued and widely applied.Cellulose degradation by cellulase has paved the way for fuel ethanol and biodiesel production.However,the high production cost of cellulase limits its industrial application.Trichoderma reesei is a cellulase-producing strain and produces abundant cellulase components.Comprehensive studies on the mechanism of cellulase induction and expression regulation of Trichoderma reesei are helpful to improve its cellulase production.In recent years great progress has been made on the induction process and regulation mechanism of cellulase production by Trichoderma reesei.This review summarizes recent progresses of the regulation of cellulase induction and gene expression by Trichoderma reesei,by first introducing the inducers(cellulose,cellobiose,sophorose,lactose,etc.)and their transporters,then summarizing the regulation function of several transcription factors,and moreover,the effects of chromosomal regulation,signaling pathway,and illumination conditions on cellulase induction are also introduced.Finally,the future research directions of cellulase induction in Trichoderma reesei was discussed,including exploring the nature and specific process of inducers,revealing the relationship between transcription factors and transcriptional regulatory network,searching for key functional proteins of signal transduction,and studying the effect of environmental factors on cellulase induction.