骨髓间充质干细胞来源外泌体及其相关信号通路在激素性股骨头坏死中作用的研究进展

Research Progress of Exosomes Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Related Signal Pathways in Steroid-induced Necrosis of the Femoral Head

骨髓间充质干细胞是具有多向分化能力的一种干细胞,近年来有关研究发现骨髓间充质干细胞分泌的外泌体具有促进损伤肌腱修复、血管生成、抑制氧化应激反应、保护神经细胞、促进软骨再生、调节骨代谢等功能。而激素性股骨头坏死是由于大量使用激素导致的股骨头无菌性坏死,其具体作用机制尚未阐明,相关信号通路,如Wnt/β-catenin、RANKL-RANK、PTEN/AKT、PI3K/AKT等通路在其中起着关键的作用,而这些信号通路的激活又与外泌体密切相关,综述了骨髓间充质干细胞来源外泌体及其相关信号通路在激素性股骨头坏死中作用的有关研究进展,以期对激素性股骨头坏死的防治及相关药物研发有一定指导意义。

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are a kind of stem cells with multi-directional differentiation ability.In recent years,relevant studies have found that the exosomes secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promote the repair of injured tendons and angiogenesis,inhibit oxidative stress response,protect neurons,promote cartilage regeneration,and regulate bone metabolism in addition to its other functions.Steroid-induced femoral head necrosis is a kind of aseptic necrosis of the femoral head caused by massive use of hormones.Its specific mechanism has not been clarified,and related signal pathways play a key role,such as Wnt/β-catenin,RANKL-RANK,PTEN/AKT,PI3 K/AKT and other pathways,and the activation of these signal pathways is closely related to exosomes.This article reviews the relevant research progress of exosomes from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and related signal pathways in steroid-induced femoral head necrosis,in order to have certain guiding significance for the prevention and treatment of steroid-induced femoral head necrosis and the development of related drugs.