关于日本近代"古典"概念的成立

The Establishment of the Concept of"Koten" in Modern Japan

“古典”是日本近代确立的学术概念之一。在近代以前,对于日本来说,它主要指以四书五经为代表的“中国古代圣贤的经典”。到了明治时期,它开始作为“classicus”的译名使用,成为一个包含记叙性、样式性和规范性意义的综合词语。在记叙性意义上,它主要被运用在“日本文学”的学科内部,用来指经过西方近代文献学转化的日本“国学”的研究对象;在样式性意义上,它主要是冈仓天心通过菲诺洛萨建立的,用在艺术史的历史分期上与“浪漫”相对;在规范性意义上,它主要是和辻哲郎通过凯倍尔建立的,用来表示超越历史价值之物。

"古典"(≈"Classical")is one of the academic concepts established in Japan in modern times.Before the modern era,it referred to the"classics of the ancient Chinese sages"represented by The Four Books and The Five Classics.In the Meiji period,it began to be used as a translation of"classicus"aand became a comprehensive term with descriptive,stylistic,and normative meanings.In the descriptive sense,it was mainly used within the discipline of"Japanese literature"to refer to the object of study of Japanese national studies"transformed by Western modern literature;in the stylistic sense,it was mainly established by Okakura Tenshin through Finolosa and used in the historical staging of art history as opposed to"romance";in the normative sense,it was mainly established by Watsuji Tetsuro through Koeber and used to denote something that transcends historical values.