陶渊明“无弦琴”与心性自由--从颜延之对陶渊明“无弦琴”的品题谈起

On the Canonization of the Freedom of the Mind-Nature of"Stringless Qin"--On Tao Yuanming's"Stringless Qin"in Pindi's Perspective of Yan Yanzhi

在颜延之品第观下,陶渊明是最高品第的“士”,能够达到心性自由之境。“无弦琴”品题主要有三层内涵:其一,“无弦琴”承载了陶渊明之“文德”,与“贫”“意”“独”的“心性品题”一样,是主体超越世俗桎梏的心性本体显现;其二,“琴”是陶渊明追寻心性自由的超越方式,从“有弦琴”到“无弦琴”体现了其心性修炼历程;其三,无论是陶渊明诗文中的“清琴”“书琴”,抑或“鸣琴”“七弦”,都引发了审美共情,在审美接受中都成了蕴含陶公心性自由的“无弦琴”。“无弦琴”因陶公而灵性,又因颜延之及后世文人的雅意而隽永。

In Pindi's perspective of Yan Yanzhi,Tao Yuanming is the"Scholar"with the highest quality,can achieve the state of the freedom of the mind-nature."Stringless Qin"includes three points:firstly,"Stringless Qin"indicates Tao Yuanming's"Wende",which is the same meaning as his"poverty","knowing"and"independence",which is the appearance of mind-nature's noumenon beyond reality;secondly,"Qin"indicates the way of Tao Yuanming's exploring the freedom of the mind-nature from"stringed Qin"to"Stringless Qin".Thirdly,"QingQin",,"Shuqin",or"Mingqin"and"Qixian"in Tao Yuanming's poems and essays have aroused aesthetic empathy,which has become a"Stringless Qin"containing the freedom of his spiritual personality for aesthetic receiver.Accordingly,""Stringless Qin"is spiritual and meaningful in the history of classical culture due to the admirers of Tao Yuanming such as Yan Yanzhi.