中国美学的脱化与自由

Detachment and Freedom of Chinese Aesthetics

"脱化"既是中国美学的一个重要范畴,也是一种寓意深刻的美学智慧,脱化智慧的美学意蕴是以追求超越的自由精神为核心的,因此脱化精神在中国美学领域占有极其重要的地位。在唐宋时期,以自由为核心的脱化精神不但促成了书法美学由尚法到尚意的转向,也促成了绘画美学从兼顾形神到独重神似、崇尚意韵的转向。在古代文学批评中,追求自由的脱化智慧则表现为一种主张超越定法、追求活法、奇正合一、因革相成以及意变与法变合一、模拟与创新合一、有法与无法合一的美学理想。是故,中国美学的自由张力即借助脱化智慧得到了固化与强化。

"Detachment"is not only an important category of Chinese Aesthetics,but also a profound aesthetic wisdom.The aesthetic meaning of Detachment wisdom is centered on the spirit of freedom in pursuit of transcendence.Therefore,Detachment spirit occupies an extremely important place in the field of Chinese Aesthetics.In the Tang and Song Dynasties,the Detachment spirit with freedom as the core not only contributed to the transformation of calligraphy aesthetics from advocating law to advocating meaning,but also contributed to the transformation of painting aesthetics from giving consideration to form and spirit to emphasizing Spiritual Similarity and advocating implication.In ancient Literary criticism,the pursuit of freedom is a kind of aesthetic ideal which advocates transcending the fixed law,pursuing the living law,the unity of Qi and Zheng,the unity of Meaning change and Law change,and the unity of Simulation and Innovation.Therefore,the free tension of Chinese Aesthetics has been solidified and strengthened with the help of deionization wisdom.