地下建筑物室内疏散引导地图的构建

Construction of indoor evacuation guidance maps for underground buildings

在大型建筑地下空间事故中逃生是涉及空间数据模型构建、空间路径化和疏散路径规划,综合建筑、人和灾情态势因素相互作用的复杂科学问题。针对目前已有的地下室内空间数据模型缺乏描述室内灾害事件、地理实体动态语义特征的情况,从地下建筑物功能和结构特征出发,从几何、语义和时态3个角度设计了一种突出灾情语义、面向地理实体对象的部件级地下建筑物室内时空语义数据模型,并形成物理数据库。在此基础上,结合约束德劳奈(Delaunay)三角形剖分的思想实现室内3维疏散引导地图的高效构建,为复杂地下建筑物灾害事件发生时室内空间的路网快速构建和表达提供参考。实验结果表明,该方法构建的室内疏散引导地图可行、高效,可支撑后续疏散路径规划的研究。

Escaping from a large building underground space accident is a complex scientific problem involving spatial data model construction, spatial pathing and evacuation path planning, and the interaction of integrated building, human and disas ter posture factors. In response to the lack of existing underground indoor spatial data models describing indoor disaster events and dynamic semantic features of geographic entities, this paper designs a component-level underground building indoor spatiotemporal semantic data model highlighting disaster semantics and oriented to geographic entity objects from three perspectives of geometry, semantics and temporality from the functional and structural characteristics of underground buildings, and forms a physical database. On this basis, the idea of constrained Delaunay triangle dissection is combined to realize the efficient construction of indoor 3D evacuation guidance maps, which provides a new method for the rapid construction and expression of road networks in indoor space when disaster events occur in complex underground buildings. The experimental results indicate that the indoor evacuation guidance map constructed by this method is feasible and efficient, and can support the subsequent research on evacuation path planning.