2020年成都双流机场系统性雷暴天气特征

Analysis on Characteristics of Systematic Thunderstorm Weather in Chengdu Shuangliu Airport in 2020

利用2020年成都双流机场雷暴实况与航班运行数据,分析大面积航班延误响应机制(Massive Delay Response System,MDRS)下的系统性雷暴特征。结果表明:2020年成都双流机场启动MDRS响应共21次,黄色和橙色响应分别为17次和4次。MDRS响应下的大气环境具有显著的高湿高能特征,黄色和橙色雷暴天气过程中850 hPa比湿分别为16.23 g·kg^(-1)和17.59 g·kg^(-1),K指数分别为35.8℃和36.9℃。MDRS黄色响应下,成都双流机场常发生3 h以下的间断性雷暴,高空槽从四川盆地北部延伸至中部,副高位置偏东南,雷暴云团呈现带状或块状分布,35 dBZ以上的雷达强回波区小于终端区面积的1/2,移动方向多为偏东和偏北向。MDRS橙色响应下,双流机场雷暴通常在3 h以上,大气环流具有更显著的涡旋结构,高空槽从四川盆地中部延伸至南部,偏南气流较强,副高位置偏东,雷暴云团具有明显的连续长带状分布特征,强回波区覆盖面积大于终端区的1/2,系统持续时间长,移动速度慢。

Based on thunderstorm data and flight operation data of Chengdu Shuangliu Airport in 2020,the characteristics of systematic thunderstorms under the Massive Delay Response System(MDRS) are analyzed.The results show that:Chengdu Shuangliu Airport launched 21 MDRS responses in 2020,with 17 yellow and 4 orange responses.The atmospheric environment under MDRS response was characterized by high humidity and high energy.The specific humidity at 850 hPa in yellow and orange thunderstorms were 16.23 g ·kg^(-1)and 17.59 g ·kg^(-1),respectively,and the K index were 35.8 ℃ and 36.9 ℃,respectively.Under the yellow response,intermittent thunderstorms occurred in Chengdu Shuangliu Airport for less than 3 hours;the upper trough extended from the northern part of the Sichuan Basin to the central part,and the subtropical high was located southeastward;the thunderstorm clouds were distributed in bands or blocks;the strong echo area of radar above 35 dBZ was less than 1/2 of the terminal area,and the moving direction was mostly eastward and northward.Under the orange response,thunderstorms were usually more than 3 hours,and the atmospheric circulation had a more significant vortex structure;the upper trough extended from the central part of the Sichuan Basin to the south,with strong southerly airflow,and the subtropical high was located eastward;the thunderstorm cloud cluster was characterized by continuous and long zonal distribution;the coverage area of the strong echo area was greater than 1/2 of the terminal area,and the system lasted for a long time and moved slowly.