基础、价值与属性:宪法和民法在法律体系中地位新释

Foundation,Value and Attribute:Re-interpretation of the Position of Constitution and Civil Law in the Legal System

在法律体系中,宪法是根本大法,民法是基础法;在法治现代化过程中,民法是法律体系现代化的理论基础;宪法是现代性法律体系运行的基础;在社会秩序和自由中,宪法主要的价值在于维护社会秩序,民法主要的价值在于维护社会个体的自由;在法律的阶级性和社会性方面,宪法较多地体现法的阶级性,民法较多地体现社会经济生活习惯。因此,民法是法律大厦的基础,宪法是法律大厦的框架。就此意义而言,我们提出“宪法为万法之父,民法为万法之母”,以强调这两部法律在法律体系中的重要性。

In the legal system,the constitution is the fundamental law and the civil law is the basic law.In the process of the modernization of the rule of law,the civil law is the theoretical basis for the modernization of the legal system and the constitution is the basis for the operation of the modern legal system.In social order and freedom,the main value of the constitution is to maintain social order,and the main value of civil law is to maintain the freedom of social individuals.In terms of the class nature and social nature of the law,the constitution reflects the class nature of the law more,and the civil law reflects the social and economic habits of life more.Therefore,the civil law is the foundation of the legal system,while the constitution is the framework.In this sense,we propose that“the constitution is the father of all laws and the civil law is the mother of all laws”to emphasize the importance of these two laws in the legal system.