非常伦理的必要性及合理限度

Necessity and Reasonable Limitation of Extraordinary Ethics

当代世界的动荡不安、不确定因素迅速增加,尤其是局部冲突不断、重大自然灾害频发、重大疫情肆虐,使非常伦理问题凸显出来。一般来说,非常伦理是相对于正常态的伦理形态而言的非常态的伦理形态。非常伦理也是社会伦理,只不过它是在社会剧变、战争、重大自然灾难、严重疫情等非常时期确定并实施的道德规范。相较于常态伦理,非常伦理具有时空的限定性、实施的无奈性、内容的不确定性、要求的专断性和实施的强制性等特点。社会确定并实施非常伦理的基本目的在于,在重大灾难降临时保护公众生命财产安全和维护社会稳定有序。非常伦理是人类战胜重大灾难、确保公众安全和社会稳定的基石,也是社会动员公众扶危济困、共克时艰的道义力量,能给处于生存危难和道德困惑中的人们提供规范和指导,并增强其战胜灾难的信心和勇气。确定和实施非常伦理至关重要,但必须有合理的限度,尤其要坚持人民至上这一根本价值理念,遵循公平正义、借力科技、措施适度、时空限定等基本原则。

The turbulent and uncertain factors in the contemporary world are increasing rapidly,especially the continuity of the regional conflicts,the frequent outbreak of grave natural disasters,and the spread of the serious epidemics,making the extraordinary ethical issues stand out.Generally speaking,extraordinary ethics is an extraordinary ethical form compared to normal ethical form.Extraordinary ethics is also a social ethics,except that it is a moral norm stipulated and implemented in extraordinary times such as social upheavals,wars,major natural disasters,and severe epidemics.Compared with normal ethics,extraordinary ethics has the characteristics of limitation of time and space,helplessness of implementation,uncertainty of content,arbitrariness of requirements and compulsion of implementation.The basic purpose of defining and implementing extraordinary ethics in society is to safeguard the safety of life and property of members of society and the stability and order of society when a major disaster strikes.It is the cornerstone for mankind to overcome major disasters,ensure public safety and social stability,and also the moral force for society to mobilize the public to help the poor and overcome difficulties together.It can provide norms and guidance for people in survival crisis and moral confusion,and enhance their confidence and courage to overcome disasters.It is very important to determine and implement extraordinary ethics,but it must have reasonable limits.In particular,we must adhere to the fundamental value concept of people first,and follow the basic principles of demonstrating fairness and justice,leveraging science and technology,taking appropriate measures,and defining time and space.