周王室大夫怨刺平王与携王“二王并立”组诗考论——以《诗经·小雅》之《雨无正》《角弓》《小旻》《菀柳》为中心

On the Series of Poems of“Two Kings Standing Side by Side”of King Ping and King Xie Written by the Ministers of the Zhou Dynasty——Centered on Yu Wu Zheng,Jiao Gong,Xiao Min and Wan Liu in the Poetry of Xiao Ya

《诗经·小雅》中的《雨无正》为携王侍臣忧虑平王宜臼与携王余臣兄弟相争之作,《角弓》为周大夫刺平王与携王兄弟相残之作,《小旻》为携王大夫刺携王斗筲用事、治乱乏策之作,《菀柳》为携王侍臣怨刺有功却获罪之作。这四首诗从不同角度表现出诗人对造成“二王并立”政治格局的始作俑者——平王与携王的不满情绪,以及对携王前途命运之忧患意识。由此可见,尽管这些诗篇并非一人所作,但可以将其视为同一时期表达相同主旨的组诗。

Yu Wu Zheng in the Poetry of Xiao Ya was the work made by King Xie’s courtier who worried about the competitions among King Ping named Yijiu,and King Xie’s other kins and brothers.Jiao Gong was the work by the minister who satirized the rivalry between the brothers of King Xie and King Ping.Xiao Min was the work by the minister of King Xie who satirized King Xie’s fighting Shau for use and lack of strategies to deal with chaos.Wan Liu was the work by King Xie’s courtier who complained of being punished though he had made some achievements.From different angles,these four poems showed the poet’s dissatisfaction with the initiator of the political pattern of“two kings coexisting”-King Ping and King Xie,as well as his sense of anxiety about the future and destiny of King Xie.It can be seen that although these poems were not written by one person,they could be regarded as a series of poems expressing the same theme in the same period.