关节软骨润滑机制理论及仿生软骨材料的摩擦学应用

Lubrication mechanism in articular cartilage and tribological application of biomimetic cartilage materials

背景:关节软骨拥有着自然界中已知最有效的润滑,如膝关节和髋关节等,在生理性高压下,其表面摩擦系数低至0.001,如此低的摩擦对于关节正常活动来说非常必要。而软骨一旦发生退化,便易发生骨关节炎,因此探究软骨表面如此高效的润滑机制便显得尤为重要。同时,随着对关节润滑机制研究的深入,仿生软骨材料的飞速发展也为关节软骨之间的润滑及软骨损伤后的治疗带来了希望。目的:探讨关节软骨润滑机制以及仿生软骨材料摩擦学最新研究进展。方法:采用计算机检索中国知网、PubMed、Semantic Scholar、ScienceDirect和Wiley Online Library数据库中有关关节软骨润滑机制和仿生软骨材料的相关研究资料,根据纳入和排除标准,最终共选取60篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:①关节软骨的润滑并不是通过单一的机制,而是多种机制共同参与并实现高效润滑。②目前软骨润滑机制的主要研究聚焦于边界润滑以及水合润滑。③软骨润滑的边界润滑机制模型主要通过透明质酸、润滑素和磷酸酰胆碱等边界分子实现。④软骨间多重分子通过协同作用促进软骨润滑,这也为仿生软骨材料的设计提供了一种新思路。⑤用于软骨替代的仿生软骨材料必须具备优异的力学性能与润滑性能,目前的仿生软骨材料通过表面改性和添加涂层等方式综合提升生物医学水凝胶的润滑性能与机械性能,以应用于软骨润滑。⑥仿生软骨材料不仅发挥润滑方面的作用,同时也能作为释药载体达到递送药物的目的,这也为未来更优异的材料设计提供了思路,但目前的仿生软骨材料大多还处在体外实验或者动物模型研究阶段,尚未形成临床转化。

BACKGROUND:Articular cartilage has the most effective lubricated surface known in nature,such as knee,hip joints and so on.Under physiological high pressure,the friction coefficient of articular cartilage is as low as 0.001.Such low friction is indeed essential for normal joint movement.Once the cartilage wears down,it can lead to osteoarthritis.Therefo re,it is of great impo rtance to understand the lubrication mechanism of articular cartilage.At the same time,with the in-depth study on the mechanism of joint lubrication,the rapid development of bionic cartilage materials also brings hope for the lubrication between articular cartilage and the treatment of cartilage damage.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the latest research progress of articular cartilage lubrication and tribology of biomimetic cartilage lubrication materials.METHODS:The research data on a rticular cartilage lubrication and tribology of biomimetic cartilage lubrication materials were searched on the databases of CNKI,PubMed,Semantic Scholar,ScienceDirect and Wiley Online Library by computer.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,60 articles were finally selected for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The lubrication of articular cartilage is not achieved by only a single mechanism,but through the joint participation of multiple mechanisms to achieve efficient lubrication.(2)At present,the main research on cartilage lubrication mechanisms mainly focuses on boundary lubrication and hydration lubrication.(3)The boundary lubrication mechanism model of cartilage lubrication mainly functions through boundary molecule such as hyaluronic acid,lubricin,phosphatidylcholine and so on.(4)Multiple molecules between cartilage promote cartilage lubrication through synergistic action,which also provides a new idea for the design of biomimetic cartilage mate rials.(5)Biomimetic cartilage mate rials used for cartilage replacement must have excellent mechanical properties and lubrication properties.At present,biomimetic cartilage materials comprehensively improve the lubrication and mechanical properties of biomedical hydrogels through surface modification and coating,so as to be applied to cartilage lubrication.(6)Biomimetic cartilage materials not only play the role of lubrication,but also can be used as the carriers to realize the purpose of drug delivery,providing a promising idea for the design of more excellent material in the future.At present,most of the biomimetic cartilage materials are at the stage of in vitro experiments or animal models,and there is still a certain distance from clinical application.