碳纳米管在组织工程修复中的作用与优势

Role and advantages of carbon nanotubes for tissue engineering

背景:近来年,碳纳米管材料因其独特的结构及材料特性而备受关注,将其作为组织工程材料在组织修复中的研究逐渐深入,在动物体内已取得良好的修复效果。目的:综述碳纳米管作为组织工程材料的特性及碳纳米管用于组织工程修复中的研究进展。方法:应用计算机检索万方医学网、中国知网、维普、Web of Science和PubMed数据库中的相关文献,中文检索词为“碳纳米管、复合材料、组织工程、组织修复”,英文检索词为“carbon nanotubes,composite materials,tissue engineering,tissue repair”,最终纳入75篇文献进行归纳总结。结果与结论:①碳纳米管主要分为由单层管状石墨烯形成的单壁碳纳米管和由多个同心管状石墨烯层组成的多壁碳纳米管,通过修饰改性碳纳米管以及调节浓度使含有碳纳米管的复合支架材料获得更好导电性、机械性能、生物相容性及生物降解性。②通过促进蛋白质吸附、调控电信号转导通路及机械转导信号通路可以促进细胞增殖、分化、黏附等行为及提高细胞活性,从而促进骨重塑及整合、改善神经及心肌功能、加速缺损修复促进组织再生,且在体内无不良反应。③目前的研究表明碳纳米管复合材料能够完全修复临界大块骨缺损,达到自体移植相似的神经修复效果及使得受损心肌的生理心肌传导速度完全恢复。因此,碳纳米管作为新型生物材料在组织工程修复领域中具有巨大的潜力。④碳纳米管在组织修复领域的相关研究尚处于体外实验或动物实验水平,基于碳纳米管的复合材料要从实验研究走向临床实践还需要克服很多困难,如碳纳米管的毒理学评价、有效性评价等需后续研究进一步完善,而碳纳米管的直径、长度、纯度及复合材料的制备方法等参数与组织修复相关通路的联系需要进一步研究。

BACKGROUND:In recent years,carbon nanotubes have attracted much attention due to their unique structural and material properties.The researches as tissue engineering materials have gradually deepened,and good effects have been achieved in animals.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the characteristics of carbon nanotubes as tissue enginee ring mate rials and research progress on the application of carbon nanotubes in tissue engineering applications.METHODS:Lite rature retrieval was conducted in WanFang,CNKI,VIP,Web of Science and PubMed databases.The key words were"carbon nanotubes,composite materials,tissue engineering,tissue repair"in English and Chinese.Finally,75 articles were included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Carbon nanotubes are divided into single-walled carbon nanotubes formed from a single layer of tubular graphene and multi-walled carbon nanotubes composed of multiple concentric tubular graphene layers.By modifying carbon nanotubes and adjusting the concentration,the carbon nanotube composite scaffolds have better electrical conductivity,mechanical properties,biocompatibility and biodegradability.(2)By promoting protein adsorption,regulating electrical signal transduction pathway and mechanical transduction signal pathway,cell proliferation,differentiation,adhesion and other behaviors can be promoted and cell activity can be improved.On the basis of these properties,carbon nanotube composite scaffolds can promote bone remodeling and integration,improve nerve and myocardial function,accelerate defect repair and promote tissue regeneration,without adverse reactions in vivo.(3)Current studies have shown that carbon nanotube composite scaffolds can completely repair segmental bone defects,achieve similar nerve repair effects of autologous transplantation and restore the physiological myocardial conduction velocity of damaged myocardium.Therefore,carbon nanotubes have a great potential as new biomaterials in tissue engineering field.(4)The research of carbon nanotubes in the field of tissue repair is still under the level of in vitro expe riment or animal experiments.There are still many difficulties ahead in the development of carbon nanotube composite scaffolds from expe rimental research to clinical practice,such as toxicological evaluation and effectiveness evaluation of carbon nanotubes,which need to be further improved.The relationships among the diameter,length,purity of carbon nanotubes,the preparation method of composite materials and tissue repair related pathways need to be further investigated.