四面体DNA核酸适体生物传感器构建方法及应用

Construction Method and Application of Aptamer Biosensor Based on Tetrahedral DNA

核酸适体是一种单链DNA/RNA分子,具有合成简单快速、稳定性高、特异性强、靶分子范围广且易于修饰等优点,在生物传感领域具有良好的应用前景,如何实现核酸适体在传感界面的高活性有序固定是核酸适体生物传感器面临的一大难题。四面体DNA是由四条单链DNA组成的三维DNA纳米结构,引入四面体DNA可以提高传感界面核酸适体识别靶分子的能力,由于DNA碱基间特异的A-T、G-C互补配对规则,通过调整DNA的链长可以精确控制四面体DNA三维纳米结构的大小、相邻DNA探针链的距离。基于四面体DNA的三维纳米结构有望解决核酸适体在传感界面高活性有序固定的难题。本文对四面体DNA的结构及固定方式、四面体DNA核酸适体生物传感器的构建方法及应用等进行了介绍,分析了四面体DNA核酸适体生物传感器面临的问题并展望其前景,以期为高灵敏四面体DNA核酸适体生物传感器的构建提供参考。

The aptamer is a single-stranded DNA/RNA molecule,which has the advantages of easy and fast to synthesize,high stability,high specificity,wide range of target molecules and easy modification,etc.It has a good application prospect in biosensing.How to achieve the high activity and orderly immobilization of aptamers on the sensing interface is still a big problem for aptamer biosensors.Tetrahedral DNA is a three-dimensional DNA nanostructure composed of four single stranded DNA,which can improve the ability of aptamers at the sensing interface to recognize target molecules.Due to the specific A-T and G-C complementary pairing rules between DNA bases,the size of tetrahedral DNA three-dimensional nanostructures and the distance between adjacent DNA probe chains can be accurately controlled by adjusting the DNA strand length.Three dimensional nanostructures based on tetrahedral DNA are expected to solve the problem of high activity and orderly immobilization of aptamers at the sensing interface.In this paper,the structure and immobilization of tetrahedral DNA,the construction method and application of tetrahedral DNA aptamer biosensor are introduced.The problems faced by tetrahedral DNA aptamer biosensor are analyzed and its prospect is prospected,so as to provide reference for the construction of highly sensitive tetrahedral DNA aptamer biosensor.