刚性陶瓷瓦热防护结构力学性能及疲劳寿命研究进展

Research Progress on Mechanical Properties and Fatigue Life of Rigid Ceramic Tile Thermal Protection Structure

重复使用航天器(RLV)再入过程面临严重的气动加热,热防护系统是有效隔绝气动加热,并保证航天器安全运行的重要结构。再入过程中航天器的不同部位,面临的气动加热程度不同,基于轻量化及可靠性设计目标,复合材料薄壳结构、刚性陶瓷瓦、柔性隔热毡材料分别用于重复使用航天器的前缘、机身和翼舵面热防护系统。重复使用航天器的热防护系统缺乏有效的重复使用性能评估方法直接限制了重复使用航天器的应用。本文对国内外刚性陶瓷瓦、应变隔离垫及刚性陶瓷瓦热防护系统的力学性能和疲劳特性的研究进行了总结,并给出刚性陶瓷瓦热防护系统力学性能好疲劳特性研究的关键问题和发展方向,为我国重复使用航天器热防护系统重复使用性的评估提供技术支撑。

Reusable launch vehicle(RLV)is subjected to serious aerodynamic heating in the reentry stage.Thermal protection system plays an important role in aerodynamic heating insulation and safe operation.The aerodynamic heating is quite different on various part of spacecraft in the reentry stage.In order meeting the light weight and reliability design objectives,the composite shell,rigid ceramic tiles and flexible felt are used for the leading edge,aircraft structure and rudder surface of thermal protection system in RLV.The thermal protection system of RLV is lack of effective evaluation methods of reusable performance,which directly limits the application of RLV.In this paper,the mechanical properties and fatigue characteristics of ceramic tile,strain isolation pad and rigid ceramic tile thermal protection system are summarized,and the key problems and development direction of mechanical properties and fatigue characteristics of rigid ceramic tile thermal protection system are presented,which provide technical support for the evaluation of the reusability of thermal protection system of RLV.