日本殖民侵略扩张实质探微——以东乡实殖民主义理论为视角

Exploring the Nature of Japanese Colonial Aggression and Expansion:From the perspective of Minoru Toro’s Colonial Thoughts

如果说近代以来日本通过侵略战争等手段占领东亚国家领土并实施统治是一种殖民实践,其背后离不开殖民主义理论的指导。东乡实是近代日本著名的殖民学者,其殖民主义理论主要由“农业殖民思想”“渐进的同化主义”及国际秩序观三方面内容构成。他的主要观点有:“农业殖民”是所有殖民方针中最有效的途径;“渐进的同化主义”相较于传统的“强压政策”可以更有效地改善殖民者与殖民地原住民之间的关系等。东乡实从同化主义视角出发,将“亚洲门罗主义”以及“东洋盟主论”等观念杂糅在一起,提出了美化日本殖民罪行的国际秩序观。在20世纪上半叶,东乡实研究殖民的目的在于为日本军国主义政府实施殖民统治服务,同时也对日本殖民扩张政策作了理论上的概括和总结。鉴于此,“认识日本侵略史”应从“认识日本殖民思想”始,从而深入揭露在学术外衣包装下的日本帝国主义在东亚进行殖民侵略与军事扩张的精神实质。

Minoru Togo was a leading colonial scholar in modern Japan,whose colonial theory consisted of“agricultural colonization”,“gradual assimilationism”,and“view of international order”.According to Minoru Togo,“agricultural colonization”was the most effective approach to colonization,and“gradual assimilationism”was more effective in improving the relationship between the colonizers and the colonized people than the traditional“high pressure policy”.From the perspective of assimilationism,Minoru Togo also combined the“Asian Monroe Doctrine”and the“Eastern Allies Doctrine”to propose a view of the international order that glorified Japanese colonial crimes.In the first half of the 20th century,Togo Minoru’s colonial thought was,to a certain extent,a theoretical summary of Japan’s colonial expansion.