本尼·莫里斯与以色列“新历史学家”的发展

Benny Morris and the Development of Israel’s‘New Historians’

“新历史学家”是20世纪80年代中后期以色列兴起的历史学新流派,本尼·莫里斯是其领军人物。“新历史学家”主要采用实证主义的方法,利用解密档案研究犹太复国主义运动和以色列历史上的关键事件,反思与解构主流历史叙事。“新历史学家”的部分观点,特别是莫里斯关于巴勒斯坦难民起源的研究,在一定程度上改变了学术界对相关问题的论述,促进了后犹太复国主义思潮的兴起,推动了以色列人更加平衡地看待巴以冲突,为巴以间历史性和解开辟了话语空间。奥斯陆和平进程中断后,巴以局势恶化,莫里斯的政治立场右转,“新历史学家”之间的分歧也逐渐扩大。随着国家政治和社会整体右转,以色列史学出现了新趋势,对文化和社会史的研究不断增多。

The‘New Historians’is a new school of historiography that emerged in Israel in the mid-to-late1980s,of whom Benny Morris is the leading figure.They have deconstructed Israeli mainstream historiography through conducting research on the key events in the history of the Zionist movement and Israel in virtue of a positivist approach based on archives.Some of their studies,especially Morris’work on the origin of the Palestinian refugee issue,changed the academic discourses on related issues to some extent,promoted the rise of post-Zionism,helped the Israelis to treat their conflicts with the Palestinians more evenly,and made space for discourses on the Palestinian-Israeli reconciliation.With situation deteriorating after the failure of the Oslo peace process,Morris’political position turned to the right,while the divergences among the new historians widened gradually.New trends emerged in the Israeli historiography since the Israeli politics and society shifted to the right,and the study of cultural and social history continued increasingly.