哈斯金斯之后西方学界对“12世纪文艺复兴”的研究

The Evolution of the Study of ’12^(th) Century Renaissance’ after Charles Homer Haskins in the Western Academia

自美国学者查尔斯·霍默·哈斯金斯的《12世纪文艺复兴》一书出版以来,对“12世纪文艺复兴”概念、内涵及研究方法的讨论至今仍是西方中世纪史学界的研究热点。近一个世纪以来的讨论基本上围绕着哈斯金斯模式展开。哈斯金斯之后,西方学界对“12世纪文艺复兴”的研究可分为三个阶段。第一个阶段是20世纪30—40年代,西方学界延续哈斯金斯模式,聚焦于古典文化、世俗文化和拉丁精英文化等领域,但也开始提出质疑。第二个阶段是20世纪50—90年代,西方学界主要通过探究中世纪盛期的宗教文化来突破哈斯金斯模式的局限。第三个阶段是从20世纪七八十年代至今,西方学界对“12世纪文艺复兴”的认识趋于多元,不再拘泥于精确定义,使这一概念日益泛化。这一演变体现了西方学界在研究方法和视角上的变化,也使“12世纪文艺复兴”研究呈现出更为多样的面貌。

Since the American scholar Charles Homer Haskins published The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century,the discussion of the concept,connotation and research methods of‘12^(th)Century Renaissance’is still highly discussed in the Western medieval historiography.Nearly one-century discussion has basically based on Haskins’model.This paper argues that the study of‘12^(th)Century Renaissance’in the Western academia can be divided into three stages after Haskins.The first stage was in the 1930s and 1940s.The western academia continued Haskins’model,focusing on classical culture,secular culture and Latin elite culture,but began to question its framework.In the second stage which was from the 1960s to the 1990s,the historians broke through the limitations of the Haskins’model mainly by exploring the religious culture in the high Middle Ages.In the third stage,from the 1970s and 1980s to the present,the understanding of‘12^(th)Century Renaissance’has become more diverse and was no longer bound by the precise definition,making the concept increasingly generalised.This evolution reflects the changes in research methods and perspectives of the Western academia.Furthermore,it makes the study of‘12^(th)Century Renaissance’more diverse.