《伊朗核问题全面协议》的约束力问题

On the Binding Force of the Iran Nuclear Agreement

《伊朗核问题全面协议》是一项促使伊朗放弃发展核武器的多边协议,并为终止对伊朗的多边制裁和美欧的单边制裁措施提供了重要依据。该协议参与各方以明确和具体的措辞表达了各方相关的权利和义务,并共同约定交由联合国安理会通过决议核可该协议。然而,该协议有别于一般条约缔结程序的安排,引发了其性质和效力的种种疑问。从协议参与方的意愿、国际社会的需要和承认、协议各方的嗣后行为等各方面分析来看,该协议具有条约性质,对各参与方具有法律约束力。同时,联合国安理会第2231(2015)号决议的核可进一步增强了该协议的约束力。该协议灵活变通的缔结程序,为采用政治外交方法解决全球或地区热点及难点问题提供了新的思路,也为推进全球安全治理提供了务实的路径。

The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action(also known as JCPOA or the Iran Nuclear Agreement)is a multilateral agreement for Iran to limit its nuclear programs in exchange for sanction reliefs by the United Nations(UN),the EU and the USA.The participating parties convey the rights and obligations in clear and specific terms and mutually agree to submit the Agreement for the endorsement of the UN Security Council.Such arrangement which is divergent from the usual practice,raises questions about the nature and effect of this Agreement.An legal analysis of the intent of the relevant parties,the needs of the international community,and their subsequent practice has demonstrated that the Agreement is a treaty with binding force,and that the endorsement of the UN Security Council through Resolution 2231 has strengthened its binding nature.This flexible and practical process in making the Iran Nuclear Agreement provides a new vehicle for political diplomacy to resolve global and regional entanglements with an aim to advance global security governance.