农村坑塘污染分析及治理建议

Analysis of Rural Pond Pollution and Recommended Countermeasures

农村坑塘兼具生态保护、旱涝调蓄和农田灌溉的功能,但是近年来面临污染问题。本文通过调研和分析我国北方某地区坑塘污染现状,根据污染物来源将坑塘归为四种类型:初期雨水坑塘、生活污水坑塘、工业污染坑塘和畜禽养殖污染坑塘,并对各种坑塘水体的pH、COD、氨氮、总磷指标和底泥的重金属浓度进行了测定,以了解坑塘的环境特征。最后总结了坑塘污染存在的主要问题和坑塘污染的主要原因,提出了“清理垃圾-源头截污-底泥修复-水体净化-生态系统构建”的治理建议。

Rural ponds serve for ecological protection, drought relief, flood storage and farmland irrigation, but they have been vulnerable to pollution in recent years. Based on the investigation and analysis of the current situation of pond pollution in a certain area of northern China, according to the source of pollutants, ponds were classified into four types: initial rainwater ponds, domestic sewage ponds, industrial pollution ponds and livestock and poultry breeding pollution ponds. The pH, COD, nitrates/ammonia, total phosphorus of water bodies and heavy metal concentration in bottom sediment of various ponds were measured, in order to understand pond environmental features. Finally, Finally, the main problems and causes of pond pollution were summarized, and the treatment suggestions of “rubbish cleanup-interception at source-bottom sediment restoration-water purification-ecosystem building” were put forward.