个体与整体的耦合:学生沉默惯习

Coupling of Individualism and Holism:Habitus of Student Silence

一直以来,学界解读“学生沉默”有个体主义与整体主义两种路向,但也存在一定机械性。基于惯习的视角,学生沉默应是一种长期塑造出来的实践感,既受个体内在性驱动,也受整体外在性影响。其特征包括:家庭是学生沉默惯习的最初来源并不断被再建构;沉默惯习寓居在学生身体中;通过生成“策略”来引导话语行为;沉默惯习会造成学生间的区隔。基于此,在课堂教育中应关注学生沉默的个体差异性;重视沉默在学生身体上的寓居性;强化学生互动的日常性;讲究课堂交流中的场域智慧性;引导学生再形塑沉默的主动性。

“Student silence”has been academically interpreted with individualism and holism,which complement each other but appear inflexible.From the perspective of habitus,student silence should be a long-term sense of practice,driven both internally and externally.Family is usually the initial source of the silence habitus,which is constantly reconstructed.Silence habitus resides within students,guides the discourse practice through generative strategies,and may cause students separation.Therefore,classroom teaching should pay attention to the individual difference of student silence,stress the habitation of silence within students,strengthen the daily interaction of students,pay particular attention to the field wisdom in classroom and evoke students’initiative to reshape silence habitus.