肠道菌群产生的短链脂肪酸影响孤独症谱系障碍核心症状的相关机制研究

A study on the mechanism of short-chain fatty acids produced by the intestinal flora affecting the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder

消化系统是人体的九大系统之一,是机体获取和吸收营养物质的重要系统。胃肠道是食物进行分解和吸收的部位,肠道菌群分布在胃肠道的不同部位,参与胃肠系统的构成,有利于肠道的稳态,同时合成一些人体所需的物质,在食物的消化和吸收等方面发挥作用。肠道菌群合成的各种物质,在肠道屏障的维护、肠道炎症的抑制、人体免疫系统以及神经发育等方面发挥作用。近些年来,孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)的发病率呈逐年上升的趋势,伴随ASD儿童的共患疾病也引起了学者们的注意。胃肠道疾病是ASD儿童常见的共患疾病之一,许多ASD儿童都会伴随有腹泻、便秘等胃肠道疾病的发生。但关于胃肠道疾病在ASD儿童中发生的具体机制尚不清楚。有学者研究发现肠道中肠道菌群产生的短链脂肪酸水平变化,可以影响ASD儿童的核心症状表现。这一发现引起了学者们的关注,为ASD共患胃肠道疾病的机制研究和预防提供了新的思路。本文将对肠道菌群产生的短链脂肪酸影响ASD核心症状的相关机制进行综述。

The digestive system is one of the nine major systems of the human body and is an important system for the body to obtain and absorb nutrients.The gastrointestinal tract is the part where food is decomposed and absorbed,and the intestinal flora is distributed in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract,participating in the composition of the gastrointestinal system,which is conducive to the homeostasis of the intestine,while synthesizing some substances needed by the human body,playing a role in the digestion and absorption of food.The various substances synthesized by the intestinal flora play a role in the maintenance of the intestinal barrier,the suppression of intestinal inflammation,the human immune system,and neurodevelopment.In recent years,the incidence of autism spectrum disorders has shown an increasing trend year by year,and the comorbid diseases that accompany children with autism have also attracted the attention of scholars.Gastrointestinal disease is one of the common comorbid diseases in children with autism spectrum disorder,and many ASD children had diarrhea,constipation and other gastrointestinal diseases.However,the specific mechanism by which gastrointestinal disorders occur in ASD children is unclear.Studies have found that changes in the level of short-chain fatty acids produced by the intestinal flora in the intestine can affect the core symptom performance of ASD children.This finding has attracted the attention of scholars,and provides a new idea for the mechanism research and prevention of comorbid gastrointestinal diseases in ASD children.This article reviews the mechanisms by which short-chain fatty acids produced by intestinal flora affect the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder.