白银地区2020~2021年度呼吸道感染住院患儿病毒性病原谱发病状况分析

Analysis of viral pathogen spectrum in hospitalized children with respiratory tract infection in Baiyin area in recent 2 years

目的分析白银地区呼吸道感染住院患儿主要呼吸道病毒感染的病毒流行规律。方法2020年1月至2021年12月,1854例呼吸道感染患儿为研究对象,间接免疫荧光法进行呼吸道病毒IgM抗体检测。结果呼吸道病毒检出352例(19.0%)。其中副流感病毒(PIV)检出164例,构成比为46.6%,全年每月PIV检出数量均最多,为呼吸道感染的主要病毒,8月份PIV检出达高峰;第二位为乙型流感病毒(IFVB);未检出甲型流感病毒(IFVA);各种病毒均在11月份检出率最低。4~5岁组病毒检出最高共102例(23.5%);≤1岁组病毒检出率最低,46例(11.4%),≤1岁组以副流感病毒(PIV)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)为主,其他年龄组均以PIV为主;女性病毒感染检出明显高于男性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。支气管感染患儿病毒检出率最高,为24.9%,PIV检出率在各种疾病中均最高。结论白银地区呼吸道感染住院患儿主要病毒性病原体为PIV,第二位为IFVB,PIV感染高发季节在8月,各种病毒在11月感染率最低;其中4~5岁年龄段患儿病毒感染率最高;女性病毒感染率明显高于男性;支气管感染性疾病中病毒感染率最高;随时间的变化,同一地区的病毒构成比也会变化。

Objective To analyze the epidemic law of main respiratory virus infection in hospitalized children with respiratory tract infection in Baiyin area.Methods Totally 1854 cases of children with respiratory tract infection were studied.IgM Antibody of respiratory virus was detected by indirect immunofluorescence.Results Respiratory virus was detected in 352 cases(19.0%).PIV was detected in 164 cases,accounting for 46.6%;the number of PIV was the most in every month,PIV was the main virus of respiratory tract infection and PIV was the highest in August;IFVB was the second.IFVA was not detected.All kinds of virus were the lowest in November.The highest virus detection rate was in the 4 to 5 year old group(102 cases,23.5%),the lowest in the≤1 year old group(46 cases,11.4%).The PIV and RSV were dominant in the≤1 year old group,and PIV was dominant in the other age groups.The virus detection rate in female was significantly higher than that in male(P<0.05).The detection rate of virus in children with bronchial infection was the highest(24.9%),and that of PIV was the highest in all kinds of diseases.Conclusion PIV is the main viral pathogen in children with respiratory tract infection in Baiyin area,followed by IFVB.PIV infection is the highest in August.The infection rate of various viruses is the lowest in August and November,and the highest in children aged 4 to 5 years.The infection rate of virus in female was higher than that in male,the infection rate of virus in bronchial infections is the highest,and the proportion of virus in the same area changes with time.