“实质性解决行政争议”的两种模式及其应用

Two Modes of Substantive Settlement of Administrative Disputes and Their Application

将争议对象和实现路径相结合,可以将“实质性解决行政争议”分为两种模式:一种为实体裁判终结模式,另一种为合意终结模式。实体裁判终结模式的内容为:实质性化解的争议对象为诉请争议,实现实质性化解争议的主要方式为由争议解决机关依职权作出实体裁判,实现争议化解社会效果的基础是争议化解的程序公正和实体公正。合意终结模式的内容为:实质性化解的争议对象是起诉人的实质诉求,实现实质化解争议的主要方式为协调、调解、和解等非裁判方式,实现争议化解社会效果的基础是综合应用多种机制,实现起诉人的真正利益诉求。实体裁判模式和合意终结模式有各自的优势和不足,不同类型的行政争议解决机制应当结合自身特性,选择相应的模式。行政复议位居行政争议解决前端环节,是化解行政争议的主渠道,宜选择适用合意终结模式;行政诉讼位居行政争议解决中端环节,现阶段由追求争议化解的数量转向提升行政审判质效,宜选择适用实体裁判终结模式。

By combining the object of administrative dispute with the realization path,“substantive settlement of administrative disputes”can be divided into two modes:one is the mode of making substantive judgement and the other is the mode of consensual termination.The content of the mode of making substantive judgement is as follows:the object of substantive settlement is the claim for action by the plaintiff,the main way to realize substantive settlement is for the dispute resolution agency to make substantive judgement according to its authority,and the basis of realizing the social effect of dispute settlement is procedural justice and substantive justice of dispute settlement.The content of the consensual settlement model is:the object of substantive dispute resolution is the substantive claims of the prosecutor,the main way to achieve substantive dispute resolution is coordination,mediation,reconciliation and other non-judgmental methods,and the basis for achieving the social effect of dispute resolution is the comprehensive application of a variety of mechanisms to achieve the real interests of the prosecutor’s claims.The substantive adjudication model and the consensual settlement model have their own advantages and shortcomings,and different types of administrative dispute resolution mechanisms should combine their own characteristics and choose the appropriate model.