汕头地区先天性复拇畸形患儿流行病学特征分析

Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristics of Children with Congenital Thumb Duplication in Shantou Area

目的:探讨汕头地区先天性复拇畸形患儿流行病学特征。方法:横断面调查分析2016年1月-2021年12月汕头市中心医院手外科收治的160例先天性复拇指畸形患儿的流行病学特征。经医疗记录单或病案记录先天性复拇畸形患儿的就诊年龄、性别、患病侧、家族遗传史,患儿就诊时均根据X线片采用Wassel分型归类畸形特征。结果:本组160例先天性复拇畸形患儿中,男∶女为1.42∶1,右侧发病率最高,单左侧发病率次之,双侧发病率最低。有家族遗传史患儿双侧复拇畸形比例高于无家族遗传史,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。160例(180指)患儿经Wassel分型分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ型,分别为26、41、27、61、14、4、7指,占比分别为14.44%、22.78%、15.00%、33.89%、7.78%、2.22%、3.89%。单侧复拇畸形与双侧复拇畸形的Wassel分型构成比比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:汕头地区先天性复拇畸形患病率男童高于女童,右侧高于左侧,单侧高于双侧,以WasselⅣ型最为常见,WasselⅥ型最为少见,伴家族遗传史的复拇畸形患儿双侧发病率更高。

Objective: To explore the epidemiological characteristics of children with congenital thumb duplication in Shantou area. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted to analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of 160 children with congenital thumb duplication who were admitted to the Department of Hand Surgery in Shantou Central Hospital from January 2016 to December 2021. The medical record sheet or medical record was used to record the visiting age, gender, diseased side and family genetic history of the children with congenital thumb duplication. The deformity features were all classified by Wassel classification according to the X-ray films when the children visited the hospital. Result: Among the 160 children with congenital thumb duplication in this group, the male∶female ratio was 1.42∶1;the incidence rate on the single right side was the highest, followed by the single left side, and the bilateral incidence rate was the lowest. The proportion of bilateral thumb duplication in children with family genetic history was higher than that without family history, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). According to Wassel classification, 160 cases(180 fingers) of children were divided into type Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ and Ⅶ, respectively with 26, 41, 27, 61, 14, 4 and 7 fingers, respectively accounting for 14.44%, 22.78%, 15.00%, 33.89%, 7.78%, 2.22% and 3.89%. Comparisoned the Wassel typing composition ratio for unilateral compound thumb deformity versus bilateral compound thumb deformity, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion: In Shantou area, the prevalence rate of congenital thumb duplication in boys is higher than that in girls, the right side is higher than the left side, and the unilateral is higher than the bilateral one. Wassel type Ⅳ is the most common, and Wassel type Ⅵ is the least common. Children with family genetic history of thumb duplication have a higher incidence rate on both sides.