壬戌学制中的外来元素辨析

Foreign Elements in Renxu School System

“壬戌学制借鉴美国教育经验”的观点虽然在学界广为流传,但存在认知偏差。事实上,壬戌学制既包含诸多来自美国教育制度的影响,也存在着一些来自欧洲教育制度的因素以及欧美教育共有的特征。在向美国教育汲取经验之前,我国早已对欧洲教育有所了解。20世纪20年代,我国教育界先贤以适应时代潮流、博采各国教育之长为共识。壬戌学制中七项标准的根源可追溯至欧洲等国的学校系统设计。而从殖民地时期起,美国就接受并改造了部分欧洲的教育观念及制度,所以在美国教育传播到中国的时候,它已经混合了欧洲元素。可见,壬戌学制是充分融合来自域外教育的多种影响、结合中国国情构建的一种新型学制,是一项重要的制度创新。

Although the academic community widely believes that Renxu school system learned from American educational experiences,this perspective is cognitively biased.As a matter of fact,Renxu school system is influenced by both American educational system and some factors from European educational system and the common characteristics of European and American education.Before learning from American education,we already had basic understanding about European education.In the 1920s,Chinese educational pioneers reached the consensus of adapting to the trend of time and learning from other countries.The root of the seven standards in Renxu school system can be traced back to the school system design in European countries.Since the colonial period,America has accepted and reformed some European educational concepts and institutions,so when American education spread to China,it had already mixed European elements.Therefore,Renxu school system is a new type of school system which fully integrates various influences from overseas education and combines the national conditions of China,and is an important institutional innovation.