人物史传·蒙学教材·经典课文--“曹冲称象”教科书文本的再造及启示

Biography,Enlightenment Education Textbook and Classical Texts:Inspiration from the Re-creation of Textbook

“曹冲称象”故事最早出自西晋《三国志》,北周庾信在个人创作中的引用,使其开始剥离特定情境下的历史叙述,后人逐渐将其凝练为押韵作文的辞藻和类书中的典故,从而实现了辨识度和认知度的最大化。其事以韵语形式进入唐代蒙书《蒙求》,至民国初又成为新式教科书的文言课文,后随“文学革命”“国语运动”而演变成白话文,并为抗日根据地和边区政府课本借鉴和发展。作为课文,“曹冲称象”故事在1979年人教版语文课本中最终定型,并在史料处理、艺术手法运用上达到极高水平。研究“曹冲称象”作为课文的“成长史”,对新时代中华优秀传统文化的经典重塑及其与时代同步的价值挖掘和尊重学科特点的载体打造等方面都具有启示意义。

The story of“Cao Chong Weighs the Elephant”initiates from Records of the Three Kingdoms in Western Jin Dynasty.The quotation of Yu Xin in Northern Zhou Dynasty is historical narrative separated from specific situation and then became rhetoric for compositions and allusion in encyclopedia,maximizing the extent of recognition and cognition.In Tang Dynasty,it entered enlightenment education book Mengqiu in the form of rhyme,became an ancient prose text in new textbook in the early Republican period,evolved into a vernacular text with literary revolution and vernacular language movement and was used for the compilation of textbooks in base areas and border areas.The text was finalized in the Chinese textbook of People’s Education Press in 1979 and reached a very high level in the processing of historical materials and the use of artistic techniques.The development of“Cao Chong Weighs the Elephant”has implications on the inheritance of fine traditional Chinese culture in terms of the reshaping of fine traditional culture,the value digging in sync with the time and the creation of carriers that respect the characteristics of disciplines.