浅论西方国家老年照护服务制度的不同模式与共同特征

Different Models and Common Features of Elderly Care Service Systems in Western Countries

老年照护服务制度在西方国家具有比较悠久的发展历史,经历了从主要提供老年基本生活保障到兼顾基本生活保障与基本照护服务的转变。20世纪中期以后,随着人口老龄化的加剧,英国、德国、美国和日本等西方国家基于各自国情,分别建立了家计调查型、社会保险型、市场主导型和整合型老年照护服务制度模式。这些制度模式虽各具特色,但也呈现出倡导多种老年照护服务方式相结合、重视老年照护服务需求评估、强化老年照护服务质量保障、完善老年照护服务支持性政策等共同特征。西方国家老年照护服务制度发展的不同模式与共同特征为中国社会养老服务体系建设提供了有益的启示。

The elderly care service system has a relatively long history of development in western countries,and has undergone a transformation from mainly providing basic living security for the elderly to taking into account basic living security and basic care services.After the middle of the 20th century,with the intensification of population aging,the United Kingdom,Germany,the United States and Japan and other western countries have respectively established institutional models of elderly care service such as means-tested type,social insurance type,market-oriented type and integrated type,based on national conditions of their respective countries.Although these institutional models have their own characteristics,they also present common characteristics such as advocating the combination of various elderly care service methods,attaching importance to the assessment of the needs of elderly care service,strengthening the quality assurance of elderly care services,and improving the supporting policies of elderly care services.The different models and common characteristics of the development of elderly care service system in western countries provide beneficial enlightenment for the construction of China's social elderly care service system.