静息状态皮肤电活动在孤独症谱系障碍群体应用的研究进展

Research progress in application of electrodermal activity at rest in autistic spectrum disorder

孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)是一种神经发育性障碍,其核心症状主要包括社会交流和互动缺陷,以及兴趣狭窄和重复刻板的行为。ASD核心症状的潜在原因可能为静息状态下存在异常的自主唤醒水平。自主唤醒水平可通过皮肤电活动(electrodermal activity,EDA)来反映。目前研究显示ASD群体的EDA相比正常群体有所差异,并且利用EDA对ASD群体进行亚型划分有潜在的临床意义。EDA检测客观、简便易行,在ASD群体有一定应用优势。但EDA检测仍存一定局限性,目前研究方法尚不统一,结果异质性较高,未来仍需统一规范,并结合其他生物标志物及现代脑功能检测技术进一步揭示ASD群体静息状态异常自主唤醒水平和自主神经系统失调机制。ASD的干预目前以非侵入式脑刺激(non-invasive brain stimulation,NIBS)为主要趋势,尚未形成规范统一的临床治疗方案,有待进一步研究。EDA对ASD群体亚型划分的潜力可能有助于NIBS精准干预方案的制定。该文综述近10年静息状态EDA在ASD群体中的应用进展,以期为进一步研究ASD生物标志物和康复干预方法提供理论依据,为ASD的诊治提供新的视角和思路。

Autism spectrum disorder(ASD) is a developmental disorder of which the core symptoms are deficits in social communication and interaction, restricted interests as well as repetitive behaviors. The potential cause of core symptoms of ASD may be the presence of abnormal autonomic arousal level in the resting state which can be reflected by electrodermal activity(EDA). Current researches showed that EDA of ASD population was altered from normal healthy population. Additionally, EDA has its clinical potential in differentiating sub-type within ASD population. EDA has its application advantage in ASD population for its objectivity and simple clinical operation. However, the methodology of EDA is not unified and the research results are highly heterogeneous, which indicates the limits of EDA. It is necessary to integrate EDA with other bio-markers and contemporary brain function detection technology, to further reveal the mechanism of abnormal autonomic arousal level and imbalanced autonomic nervous system in the resting state in ASD population. Non-invasive brain stimulation(NIBS) is in main trend of intervention on ASD population, but the standardized and unified clinical intervention has not been formed, which remains to be further studied.Clinical potential of sub-type differentiation by EDA may help to guide accurate NIBS intervention protocol. This paper reviews the application progress of EDA in the resting state in ASD population for the recent 10 years, which is expected to offer theoretical basis for further studying bio-markers and rehabilitation intervention of ASD, and to provide new perspectives for diagnosing and treating ASD.