论社会保障制度功能认识的发展及其实践意义--西方社会观点、马克思主义学说与中国话语体系

The Evolving Understanding of the Functions of Social Security Systems and Its Practical Significance: Western Perspectives,the Marxist Doctrine and China’s Discourse System

西方关于社会保障制度功能的认识存在从片面强调其单一的消极功能或者积极功能,转变为强调其多功能协调并争取其积极功能,以避免其消极功能,从而更好发挥维护资本主义社会制度功能这一过程。马克思主义虽然对资本主义社会保障制度予以批判,却也将社会保障制度作为唤起无产阶级进行斗争的工具,视为未来社会主义制度的组成部分,提出了无产阶级社会保障制度的综合功能,特别是无产阶级国家保险的基本原则。中国共产党不仅强调社会保障制度对建立社会主义市场经济体制、维护社会稳定和国家长治久安、促进社会主义和谐社会建设等的积极功能,更强调其对维护党的宗旨、推进改革开放事业、全面建成小康社会、增进民生福祉等治国安邦和体现社会主义制度优越性的综合功能。中国共产党关于社会保障制度功能的认识不仅较之西方关于社会保障制度功能的认识具有先进性,也是对马克思主义关于社会保障制度功能认识的发展、创新与中国化。

In Western countries, the understanding of the functions of social security systems has changed from a one-sided emphasis on their negative or positive roles to an emphasis on the coordination of their multiple functions. This shift is to avoid the negative role of social security systems and thus to better play their positive role in maintaining capitalist social systems. Although Marxism criticizes capitalist social security systems, it regards social security as a tool for arousing the struggle of the proletariat and an integral part of the future socialist system, and puts forward the comprehensive functions of the proletarian social security system, especially the basic principles of proletarian state insurance. The Communist Party of China not only emphasizes the positive functions of social security in establishing a socialist market economic system, maintaining social stability and long-term peace, and promoting the construction of a harmonious socialist society, but also emphasizes its comprehensive functions in maintaining the Party’s mission, promoting the reform and opening up,building a well-off society in an all-round way, enhancing the well-being of the people, and demonstrating the superiority of the socialist system. The Communist Party of China’s understanding of the functions of social security systems is not only more advanced than that of Western countries,but also a kind of development, innovation and sinicization of the Marxist understanding of social security systems.