从生产力两重性到生产关系两重性——平心和张闻天对历史唯物主义研究的贡献

From the Duality of Productive Forces to the Duality of Production Relations: Notes on the Theories of Pingxin and Zhang Wentian

平心和张闻天的理论,是继毛泽东之后中国学者对历史唯物主义研究的原创性贡献。通过分析生产力和生产关系各自内部的矛盾,他们分别从两个不同侧面深化了对历史唯物主义原理的认识。平心提出,生产力的物质技术属性和社会属性的矛盾,是推动生产力自行增殖的动力;生产关系要与生产力的发展规律相适合,才能推动生产力的发展。张闻天区分了生产关系一般和生产关系特殊,认为生产力和生产关系的矛盾,必然转化为生产关系内部的矛盾。平心和张闻天的思想具有高度的互补性,可以纳入一个更为综合的理论框架,以解释包括改革开放在内的当代中国制度变迁。

The theories of Ping Xin and Zhang Wentian are the original contribution of Chinese scholars to the study of historical materialism after Mao Zedong. By analyzing the internal contradictions of productive forces and production relations, they deepen their understanding of the principles of historical materialism from two different perspectives. Ping Xin points out that the contradiction between the material and technical attributes and the social attributes of the productive forces is the driving force for their self-development;the development of the productive forces can only be promoted if the production relations are compatible with the development laws of the productive forces. Zhang Wentian distinguishes between the general and special relations of production relations, and believes that the contradiction between the productive forces and the relations of production must be transformed into the contradiction within the relations of production. The thoughts of Ping Xin and Zhang Wentian are highly complementary and can be incorporated into a more comprehensive theoretical framework to explain the institutional changes in contemporary China including the reform and opening-up.