人口流动背景下重庆城市公共服务供需匹配关系研究

Research on the Supply-Demand MatchingRelationship of Urban PublicServices of Chongqing Under theBackground of Population Mobility

明晰城市公共服务与人口分布的供需匹配关系,是城市公共服务合理配置与更新优化的前提,事关社会公平正义与城市健康发展。文章以大规模的人口流动为背景,系统总结重庆市域人口流动与公共服务供给特征,结合离散模型计算38个区县人口与公共服务水平之间的匹配度,得到均衡适配型、低值适配型、高值失配型、低值失配型四种匹配类型。在此基础上,选取典型人口流入地区重庆中心城区进行城市层面的供需匹配关系分析,研究发现,中心城区的人口分布与公共服务设施布局均呈现“多中心组团式”特征,但两者存在空间失衡,总体表现为中心城区核心区内大部分区域以及少量外围核心组团公共服务设施供大于需,核心区外围大部分区域呈现不同程度的供小于需。

Clarifying the supply-demand matching relationship between urban public services and population distribution is the premise for the rational allocation,renewal and optimization of urban public services,and is closely related to social fairness and justice as well as the healthy development of cities.In the context of the mass migration movements,this paper systematically summarizes the characteristics of population migration and public service supply in Chongqing,calculates the matching degree between the population and the public service level of 38 districts and counties with the help of the discrete model,and obtains four match types:balanced adaptation type,low-value adaptation type,high-value mismatch type and lag mismatch type.On this basis,the paper analyzes the city-level supply-demand matching relationship in the central urban area of Chongqing,a typical population inflow area.It is found that the population distribution and the layout of public service facilities in the central urban area show“multi-center-and-group”characteristics,but there is a spatial imbalance between the two.The overall performance is that the supply of public service facilities in the core area of the central urban area and a small number of peripheral core groups exceeds the demand,and to varying degrees the supply in most areas around the core area is less than the demand.