棘轮棘爪型安全制动器动态制动性能的试验研究

Experimental Research of Dynamic Braking Performance for Ratchet-pawl Emergency Brake

棘轮棘爪装置是起重运输机械中安全制动器的常见型式。本文针对起重机钢丝绳电动葫芦中常见的棘轮棘爪型制动器进行研究,分析了触发制动原理,开发了一套动态制动性能试验台架,并以某型号的电动葫芦为测试实例进行试验。试验结果显示,安全制动器在制动过程中出现摩擦片固定铆钉脱落,摩擦片表面发生严重磨损;额定载荷坠落测试时,安全制动器无法实现支持制动。针对试验结果,本文提出棘轮棘爪型安全制动器使用维护保养的相关建议。

Ratchet and pawl is commonly used for emergency brake in hoisting and conveying machinery.This paper analyses the braking mechanism of ratchet and pawl in wire rope, presents a new style of dynamic braking experiment platform. Furthermore, an electric hoist was taken for a test sample. Test result shows that fixed rivets of friction plates fall off and surface is heavy worn during the braking process of the emergency brake. Rated load test result shows that emergency brake can’t keep the braking effect in the overspeed condition. Finally, according to the test result, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the use and maintenance of ratchet-pawl emergency brake.