我国普惠性民办幼儿园监管政策分析及优化研究

Research on the Relevant Policies of the Supervision of Universal-Benefit Private Kindergartens in China

健全普惠性民办园监管政策对于规范和发展普惠性民办园、实现“十四五”时期我国学前教育普及普惠优质发展的战略目标意义重大。基于监管的主体、内容、方式和结果四个核心要素分析18省68份普惠性民办园的相关政策发现:现有政策对于推动普惠性民办园大有裨益,但仍然存在一些不足之处,即现有监管主体存在监管能力及范围有限且部门分工不清晰的问题,不利于普惠性民办园多方面、专业化的监管;监管内容以园所收费、办园硬件质量为主,办园软件质量和教师待遇保障监管不足,不利于普惠性民办园质量的全面提升;监管方式偏重政府检查评估,幼儿园自我评估、第三方评估较少,不利于保障监管的内生性和专业性;监管结果局限于奖励及问责或向社会大众公布,不利于园所自我改进、优化政府管理及政策。为促进普惠性民办园的长远发展,建议从资源整合、标准研制、多元参与、信息共享和顶层设计五方面优化我国普惠性民办园监管政策。

Improving the supervision policy of universal-benefit private kindergartens is of great significance for standardizing and developing universal-benefit private kindergartens,and realizing the strategic goal of universal-benefit and high-quality development of preschool education in China during the 14th Five Year Plan period.By analyzing the relevant policies of 68 universal-Benefit private kindergartens in 18 provinces based on the four core elements of the main body,content,method,and results of supervision,it is found that:the existing policies are of great benefit to the promotion of universal-benefit private kindergartens,but there are still some shortcomings:in terms of the main body of supervision,the supervision ability and scope are limited and the division of labor is not clear,which restricts the multifaceted and professional supervision of universal-benefit private kindergartens.In terms of the content of supervision,it focuses on the fees charged by the kindergartens,the hardware quality of the kindergartens,and relatively ignores the software quality and the guarantee of teachers’treatment,which restricts the quality improvement and long-term development of universal-benefit private kindergartens.In terms of the way of supervision,the government inspection and evaluation are emphasized,and the self-evaluation and third-party evaluation of kindergartens are relatively ignored,which restricts the endogenous and professionalism of supervision and evaluation.In terms of the application of supervision results,it is limited to reward and accountability or publication to the public,which restricts the self-improvement of the kindergartens and the optimization of government management and policies about universal-benefit private kindergartens.In order to promote the long-term development of universal-benefit private kindergartens,it is suggested to optimize the relevant policies on the supervision of universal-benefit private kindergartens in China from five aspects:resource integration,standard development,diversified evaluation,information sharing,and top-level design.