《资本论》的研究方法再探讨

Re-Examination of the Research Methods of Capital

马克思在其巨著《资本论》中运用历史唯物主义的辩证方法,揭示资本主义社会的经济运动规律。具体研究方法包括:解剖典型,即以英国为典型研究当时最发达的资本主义生产方式;充分占有材料,分析资本主义生产方式的各种发展形式及其内在联系;合理抽象,在研究中达到思维的具体,从众多的具体事物中抽取本质特征,舍弃其非本质特征;妥善处置研究与叙述的关系,在叙述中再现思维行程所达到的具体结果;坚持公正无私的科学探讨;深入探讨经济范畴与人的关系,在研究中把各种人视为经济范畴的人格化。马克思在研究资本时所采用的有效思想方法与研究方法是我们进行精神生产的指南。作为马克思主义研究者,我们必须好好学习和掌握《资本论》的研究方法。随着时间的推移、社会的发展,有一个将马克思未最终完成的《资本论》系列加以续写的问题。没有全面领会与掌握马克思的研究方法,恐将难以完成这一任务。而要将《资本论》的许多被遮蔽的研究方法全面挖掘出来,还需做十分细致的工作。

Marx used the dialectical method of historical materialism to reveal the laws of economic movement of capitalist society in Capital.The specific research methods include:Case analysis by taking Britain as the example to research the most developed production mode of capitalist during that period;Complete collection of materials to analyze various development forms of production mode of capitalist and their internal relations;Reasonable abstract to achieve concreteness of thinking in research by extracting essential features from numerous specific issues and discarding the non-essential features;Proper handle of the relationship between research and narration by reproducing the specific results of thinking process in narration;Adhering to impartial scientific discussion;Further discussion of the relationship between economic category and human by regarding various people as the personification of economic category in research.The effective methods of thought and research adoped by Marx during his study on capital are guidelines for our spiritual production.As Marxist researchers,we must study and master the research methods of Capital.With the process of time and the development of society,there remains a problem to complete the series of Capital that Marx had not finished.Without the understanding and mastering of Marx’s research methods,it would be difficult to accomplish this task.In order to fully uncover many hidden research methods of Capital,a lot of careful works needs to be done.