苏联经济发展史简论与启示:从斯大林时期到赫鲁晓夫时期

A Brief Comment on the History of Soviet Economic Development and Its Inspiration:From Stalin Period to Khrushchev Period

列宁逝世后,斯大林、赫鲁晓夫先后担任苏联最高领导人。这40年中,苏联在经济政策、经济管理体制和经济发展水平等方面有很大的变化。斯大林时期,苏联大力推行工业化,开展农业全盘集体化,经历了卫国战争,战后又开展经济恢复工作,在取得重大经济成就的同时,也积累了经济结构畸形、高度集中的指令性计划经济体制严重固化、农业严重落后等问题。赫鲁晓夫上台后,在政治上破除对斯大林的个人崇拜,在经济上一方面着力解决农业问题,另一方面力图通过大改组推动工业加速发展。赫鲁晓夫执政后期,由于经济政策上的严重失误,苏联经济呈恶化趋势并出现了混乱局面,这是导致他下台的一个重要原因。

After Lenin’s death,Stalin and Khrushchev successively served as the supreme leader of the Soviet Union.During the 40 years of their rule,the Soviet Union made great changes in economic policy,economic management system and economic development,etc.During Stalin’s period,the Soviet Union vigorously promoted industrialization,carried out overall agriculture collectivization,and promoted economic recovery work after the Great Patriotic War.While making significant economic achievements,it also accumulated problems such as deformed economic structure,strict solidification of planned economic system by highly centralized command and serious backwardness of agriculture.After Khrushchev came to power,he broke the personal worship to Stalin in politics and focused on solving agricultural problems and accelerating industrial development through major restructuring in economy.During the later period of his rule,the economy of Soviet Union was deteriorating and chaos appeared due to serious mistakes of economic policies,which was an important reason of his resignation.