2种韭菜挥发性成分对植物病原真菌和斜纹夜蛾幼虫生长的影响

Effects of Two Volatile Compounds of Chinese Chive on Growth of Plant Pathogenic Fungi and Larvae of Spodoptera litura

[目的]比较韭菜中的挥发性成分二甲基三硫醚和2-甲基-2-戊烯醛对7种果蔬病原菌和斜纹夜蛾幼虫生长的影响。[方法]通过在密闭玻璃水槽中比较不同浓度25、50和75μL/L的二甲基三硫醚和2-甲基-2-戊烯醛对病原真菌生长的抑制效果;同时分析不同梯度下二甲基三硫醚和2-甲基-2-戊烯醛对斜纹夜蛾幼虫生长的影响。[结果]二甲基三硫醚在浓度为50μL/L时,番茄早疫病、香蕉炭疽病、玉米纹枯病、青瓜枯萎病病原菌已无法生长,抑制率为100%;玉米纹枯病病原菌的致死浓度最低,为25μL/L。2-甲基-2-戊烯醛只有在75μL/L下对番茄早疫病和玉米纹枯病病原真菌起到完全生长抑制作用;二甲基三硫醚在1μL/L时,斜纹夜蛾幼虫已无法生长,在浓度为0.02μL/L已显著抑制幼虫的生长,且与0.10μL/L的效果差异不显著。2-甲基-2-戊烯醛在浓度为1μL/L时对斜纹夜蛾幼虫生长的影响不显著。[结论]韭菜含有的多种挥发性化合物,可应用于农田间种模式,通过植物特有挥发物种类对病原菌和害虫产生驱避抑制作用,可用于植物源病虫害的防治,其中二甲基三硫醚具有广谱抑菌性。

[Objective]To compare the effects of dimethyl trisulfide and 2-methyl-2-pentenal on the growth of seven fruit and vegetable pathogens and Spodoptera litura larvae.[Method]The research set different concentrations of 25,50 and 75μL/L dimethyl trisulfide and 2-methyl-2-pentenoaldehyde,to analyze the growth inhibition effect on pathogenic fungi;and compared the effects of different gradients of dimethyl trisulfide and 2-methyl-2-pentenal on the growth of Spodoptera litura larvae.[Result]At the concentration of dimethyl trisulfide in 50μL/L,the pathogenic fungi of Alternaria solani,Gloeosporium musarum Cooke et Mass,Rhizoctonia solani Kühn and Fusarium.oxysporium f.sp.cucumarinum could not grow,and the inhibition rate were 100%.The lethal concentration of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn was the lowest,which was 25μL/L.2-methyl-2-pentenal was completely inhibited the growth Alternaria solani and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn in 75μL/L.When the concentration of dimethyl trisulfide was 1μL/L,the larvae of Spodoptera litura could not grow,and the growth of larvae was significantly inhibited at the concentration of 0.02μL/L,and there was no significant difference between the effect of dimethyl trisulfide in 0.1μL/L.When the concentration of 2-methyl-2-pentenoaldehyde was 1μL/L,there was no significant difference on the growth of Spodoptera litura larvae.[Conclusion]A variety of volatile compounds contained in Chinese chive could be applied to the intercropping mode in farmland.Through the repellent and inhibitory effect of plant specific volatile compounds on fungi and pests,it could be used for the prevention and control of plant derived diseases and pests.Among them,dimethyl trisulfide has a broad-spectrum antibacterial system.