太阳能主-被动式相变蓄热墙体对温室番茄生长及产量性状的影响

Effects of Solar Energy Active-passive Phase Changes Heat-storage Wall on the Growth and Yield of Tomato in Greenhouse

为解决新疆冬季戈壁日光温室温度低、湿度高、作物生产效益低的问题,通过建立太阳能主-被动式相变蓄热墙体(以下称新型墙体)并进行试验实测,探讨该墙体对室内热环境和作物生长情况的改善效果。结果表明,新型墙体不仅可以有效提高开棚期间室内空气温度,而且可以有效改善关棚期间室内空气温度,并且随着时间的增长,改善效果越来越明显。普通墙体日光温室的土壤温度上升持续时间较新型墙体日光温室缩短3 h,室内空气温度峰值降低1.06℃。番茄叶片平均净光合速率提高28.14%,平均株高提高26.07%,最大茎粗提高44.21%,总产量提高28.0%。

In order to solve the problems of low temperature,high humidity and low production efficiency of crops of sunlight greenhouse in winter in Xinjiang,through the establishment of solar energy active-passive phase change thermal-storage wall(hereinafter referred to as new wall)and field test,the improvement effect of this wall on the indoor thermal environment and crop growth were discussed.The results showed that the new wall could not only effectively improve the indoor air temperature during shed-opening period,but it could also effectively improve the indoor air temperature during shed-closing period.With the increase of time,the improvement effect was more obvious.The duration of soil temperature rise in the ordinary wall solar greenhouse reduced 3 hours than that in the new wall solar greenhouse,the peak value of indoor air temperature decreased 1.06℃.The net photosynthetic rate of leaves increased by 28.14%on average,the average plant height increased by 26.07%,the maximum stem diameter increased by 44.21%,and the total yield increased by 28.0%.