山西垣曲中条山金属集团金墓发掘简报

Brief report on excavation of a Jin tomb at Zhongtiaoshan Metal Group,Yuanqu county,Shanxi province

2019年山西省考古研究院对发现的垣曲中条山金属集团金墓进行了抢救性考古发掘。该墓葬形制为仿木构单室青砖结构,由墓道、墓门、甬道和墓室组成。墓道为竖穴阶梯式,墓门辟于南壁中央,甬道连接墓道和墓室,墓室平面为方形,棺床以生土为基,呈倒“凹”字形分布。墓室结构自棺床之上砌双层须弥座,北壁当心间做歇山顶山花朝前门楼造型,东、西次间分雕男女墓主人形象;东、西两壁雕格子门图案;南壁墓门两侧砌破子棂窗。四壁倚柱之上砌四铺作斗栱12朵,墓顶造型为八角攒尖顶。墓室内发现人骨架3具。出土陶瓷器9件。该墓的发现为研究宋金元时期仿木构砖室结构墓葬的发展演变提供了重要的研究和参考价值。

Shanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology excavated a tomb of Jin dynasty(1115-1234)at Zhongtiaoshan Metal Group in Yuanqu county,Shanxi province in 2019.This tomb is a brick building with a single burial chamber that imitated a timber structure,which consists of tomb tunnel,gate,passage and burial chamber.The tunnel is built with steps,the gate is set in the center of the south wall,the passage connected the tunnel and square-shaped chamber.The concave platform in the chamber is paved on raw earth,on where the coffin or tomb owner’s body laid.Above the platform the walls are built on double layers of sumeru base.There is a small decorated gate house with hip and gable roof in the center of the north wall and the portraits of tomb owners are carved on the east and west sides on the northern wall respectively.The eastern and western walls are carved as lattice doors,the windows on the southern wall are made of triangular wooden bars.There are 12 sets of dou-gong on the corner columns and beams above the walls.The octagonal shaped roof with contracting brick layers pointed up to the roof top.There are 3 human skeletons found in the chamber and 9 pieces of ceramic wares unearthed.These discoveries provide important materials for researching and studying the development and evolution of the brick tombs imitated wooden structure in the Song,Jin and Yuan Dynasties.