俄罗斯非政府组织的分类透视与政策评析

Classification and Policy Analysis of Russian NGOs

俄罗斯非政府组织的状况与俄政府对非政府组织的政策是具有重要学术价值和现实意义的研究课题。俄罗斯境内的非政府组织可分为“本土非政府组织”和“外国代理人”两种类型,在此分类基础上,可对俄罗斯非政府组织的行动逻辑及其“工具性”与“主观性”并存的社会作用进行分类透视,对俄政府在非政府组织问题上实行“合作性”与“对抗性”的不同政策及其效果进行分析和评估。在全球化与全球治理的背景下,非政府组织的活动对俄罗斯来说,积极作用和消极影响并存,是一把双刃剑。俄罗斯对非政府组织区别对待、对其活动加以法律规范的政策有经验也有教训,对中国制定非政府组织政策具有借鉴和启示意义。

Non-governmental organizations in Russia can be divided into"local non-governmental organizations"and"foreign agents".On the basis of this classification,we can classify and study the action logic and social role of Russian non-governmental organizations,and analyze and evaluate the different policies and effects of Russian government on non-governmental organizations.In the context of globalization and global governance,the activities of non-governmental organizations are a double-edged sword for Russia,with both positive and negative effects.Russia’s policy of treating non-governmental organizations differently and regulating their activities has both experience and lessons,which is of reference and inspiration to China’s formulation of non-governmental organization policies and is worth observing and studying.