从实求知——费孝通之家庭承包制理解视点变迁

From Facts to Knonledge:the Chang of Fei Xiaotong’s insight into the Rural Household Contract System Reform

在改革开放初期,费孝通几乎不对家庭承包制改革和农地制度发表看法,这对于一个以关注农民经济生活著称的研究者来讲是不同寻常的。在20世纪80年代中期的温州之行后,这种避而不谈的状况开始改变,他对家庭承包制的态度由初始的怀疑、保留逐渐转向肯定和赞同。他主要是从中国社会重视家庭的文化传统角度评价实行家庭承包制的必然性,且认为家庭承包制应随着工业化、城镇化和农业现代化的进程而予以调整和改进,以不断增强其适应性。费孝通对家庭承包制的态度及其变化是他从实求知的结果,这对于我们理解他晚年从“志在富民”到“文化自觉”的思想转向很有启发。

In the early stage of reform and opening up,Fei Xiaotong rarely expressed his views on the rural household contract responsibility system and the rural land system,which was unusual for a researcher who had been concerned about the economic status of farmers throughout his life.Fei Xiaotong’s talks in his later years(1981-2000)provide rare glimpses into his understanding and attitude towards the reform of rural household contract responsibility system.He changed his attitude towards the system from initial doubt to later approval.He mainly acknowledged the inevitability of the system from the perspective of Chinese traditional focus on family values,and believed that the system should be constantly adjusted in order to adapt to the process of industrialization,urbanization and agricultural modernization.Fei Xiaotong’s attitude change is a telltale example of his academic ethos of seeking knowledge from facts.